[37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. These London Underground quiz questions and answers are designed to test your knowledge on all aspects of one of the world's most extensive (and most expensive!) The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [36], While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were contrasting health reports. [25] The Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground "inner circle" connecting London's main-line stations. [225], Night Tube services were suspended in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. All underground trains are required to comply with The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010 (RVAR 2010) by 2020.[130]. [210] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. 1. [56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. The trains often break down, have to be withdrawn from service at short notice and at times are not available when required, leading to gaps in service at peak times. The Northern line operates at roughly 8-minute intervals between Morden and Camden Town via Charing Cross, and at 15-minute intervals between Camden Town and Edgware and between Camden Town and High Barnet. Waterloo & City line capacity increased by 50% by 2032, after the track at Waterloo station is remodelled. These were all delivered by 2017. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. [309] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. This list includes all stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway. The goal is to visit all the stations on the system, but not necessarily using all the lines; participants may connect between stations on foot, or by using other forms of public transport. For the word puzzle clue of which london underground station is the most easterly on the district line, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results.Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. [167] The long proposed Croxley Rail Link (an extension of the Metropolitan line) was cancelled in 2018 due to higher than expected costs and lack of funding. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. [273], After the UERL was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, it used forms of the roundel for buses, trams and coaches, as well as the Underground. By Alastair Lockhart For Mailonline 14:22 17 Jan 2023, updated 14:22 17 Jan 2023. According to Ruth Artmonsky, over 150 women artists were commissioned by Pick and latterly Christian Barman to design posters for London Underground, London Transport and London County Council Tramways. It was first opened in 1863 and is the second-busiest underground station in the whole of London. Altogether there are 25 stations, 15 of which are underground, on 23.2 km of track. [142] Often, electronic signs have their flat surface at right angles to the main air flow, causing choked flow. Estimated to cost between 4.7bn to 7.9bn (in 2017 prices), the extension would take around 7 years to construct. 1. [272][39] The roundel was first printed on a map cover using the Johnston typeface in June 1919, and printed in colour the following October. [206], In 2014, TfL became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. [306] A bold version of the capitals was developed by Johnston in 1929. [64], On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary transport organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. [159] UK subscribers to the Three mobile network can use the[160] InTouch[161] app to route their voice calls and texts messages via the Virgin Media Wifi network at 138 London Transport stations. This London Underground Stations quiz is designed to test London's biggest transport fanatics. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. The London Transport brand continued to be used by the GLC. Photo Sales. [171], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. There can also be a step from platform to train as large as 12 inches (300mm) and a gap between the train and curved platforms, and these distances are marked on the map. [307] The Met changed to a serif letterform for its signs in the 1920s, used on the stations rebuilt by Clark. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. Heathrow Terminals 2 and 3 station is between the terminals, which are a few minutes' walk away via pedestrian subway. [227] The stations on the Jubilee Line Extension, opened in 1999, were the first stations on the system designed with accessibility in mind, but retrofitting accessibility features to the older stations is a major investment that is planned to take over twenty years. Use our travel tools to check your travel. [274] Between 1948 and 1957 the word "Underground" in the bar was replaced by "London Transport". Because these costs are unevenly distributed across stations and platforms, path choice analyses may be helpful in guiding upgrades and choice of new stations. The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 16:57. [9], The system's first tunnels were built just below the ground, using the cut-and-cover method; later, smaller, roughly circular tunnelswhich gave rise to its nickname, the Tubewere dug through at a deeper level. Bond Street Underground Station Tube Station Canary Wharf Underground Station Tube Station Farringdon Underground Station Tube Station King's Cross St. Pancras Underground Station Tube Station London Bridge Underground Station Tube Station Tottenham Court Road Underground Station Tube Station Waterloo Underground Station Tube Station [308] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. The London Underground has been running for 160 years. [34] These two ran electric trains in circular tunnels having diameters between 11feet 8inches (3.56m) and 12feet 2.5inches (3.72m),[35] whereas the Great Northern and City Railway, which opened in 1904, was built to take main line trains from Finsbury Park to a Moorgate terminus in the City and had 16-foot (4.9m) diameter tunnels. [79], On 18 November 1987, fire broke out in an escalator at King's Cross St Pancras tube station. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. [176][177], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. [146][147] In 1921 a recorded voice instructed passengers to stand on the right and signs followed in the Second World War. Overall, 75 of the 100 best-performing busy stations in the UK are in the capital, and London Overground is one of the top three most punctual railway lines, rail tracker website On Time Trains found. [175][176], The signalling system on the Northern line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by 20%, as the line now runs 24 trains per hour at peak times, compared to 20 previously. Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. Numbers of commissions dropped, to eight a year in the 1950s and just four a year in the 1970s,[312] with images from artists such Harry Stevens and Tom Eckersley. [184][185] On 9 October 2014 TFL published a shortlist of those (Alstom, Siemens, Hitachi, CAF and Bombardier) who had expressed an interest in supplying 250 trains for between 1.0billion and 2.5billion, and on the same day opened an exhibition with a design by PriestmanGoode. [143], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. [214][215], The tube closes overnight during the week, but since 2016, the Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, and Victoria lines, as well as a short section of the London Overground have operated all night on Friday and Saturday nights. [51][52] The Piccadilly line was extended north to Cockfosters and took over District line branches to Harrow (later Uxbridge) and Hounslow. [132] Temperatures of 117F (47C) were reported in the 2006 European heat wave. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. Download free London travel maps of the London Underground and other public transport routes. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). [194] Paper tickets, the contactless Oyster cards, contactless debit or credit cards[195] and Apple Pay[196] and Android Pay[197] smartphones and watches can be used for travel. [84], TfL eventually replaced London Regional Transport, and discontinued the use of the London Transport brand in favour of its own brand. Round 3: London Underground True or False Questions. [12], The early tube lines, originally owned by several private companies, were brought together under the Underground brand in the early 20th century, and eventually merged along with the sub-surface lines and bus services in 1933 to form London Transport under the control of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB). The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. [290] The Met's architect Charles Walter Clark had used a neo-classical design for rebuilding Baker Street and Paddington Praed Street stations before the First World War and, although the fashion had changed, continued with Farringdon in 1923. Central Line [203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. Today, London Underground delivers approximately 2.5 billion passenger journeys annually on 11 lines, from 272 stations. [199][200][201], TfL introduced the Oyster card in 2003; this is a pre-payment smartcard with an embedded contactless RFID chip. [53], In 1933, most of London's underground railways, tramway and bus services were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board, which used the London Transport brand. [258][259] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). In the 2010s, consultation events and preliminary design work took place on an extension. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. [321] Harold Hutchison became London Transport publicity officer in 1947, after the Second World War and nationalisation, and introduced the "pair poster", where an image on a poster was paired with text on another. The London Underground Film Office received over 200 requests to film in 2000. ", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2011/12", "Contactless payment on London Underground", "Licencing London's contactless ticketing system", "Design in Relation to the Problem: The London Underground", "Celebrities of Advertising II: Frank Pick", "Frank Pick and his Influence on Design in England", "Tribute to Bank Tube station bomb victims of 1941", "Bethnal Green Tube disaster marked 70 years on", "In Living Memory, Series 11: The 1975 Moorgate tube disaster", "Kings Cross Tragedy Means Safety First For London Underground", "Elizabeth Line "more mannered" than Jubilee predecessor says head of architecture", "About TfL How we work How we are governed Subsidiary companies", "A brief history of the Underground London Underground milestones", "London tube introduces contactless payments", "Services - 541858-2020 - TED Tenders Electronic Daily", "London 2012: Games bring record London Underground users", "London Underground breaks the record again for busiest day ever on the Tube", "Elizabeth line: What is Crossrail and when does it open? Recurrent architectural structures, an array of surfaces and an abundance of beautifully designed furniture, lighting and details all make London's iconic 150-year-old transport system pretty special. The Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) was established in 1902 to fund the electrification of the District Railway and to complete and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, which opened in 1906-07. [10] As of 2015[update], 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. Coming in second for length and second for number of stations it serves (53), just like the ride itself this line is very much the second 2 Metropolitan line - 66.7km. [205] In March 2012 the cost of this in the previous year to travellers was 66.5million. Two people have been stabbed just outside a crowded Tube station in West London in broad daylight. The London Underground was the world's first underground railway. [235][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. Lewisham previously had two Underground stations on the East London Line, but they are part of the London Overground network. In some places, the tunnels are above each other (for example, the Central line east of St Paul's station), or the running tunnels are on the right (for example on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, to allow cross-platform interchange with the Northern line at Euston). The trains have been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains. [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. 1940: People asleep on the platform of Holborn underground station during an air raid. The system is patrolled by both uniformed and plain-clothes fare inspectors with hand-held Oyster-card readers. [253], Early maps of the Metropolitan and District railways were city maps with the lines superimposed,[254] and the District published a pocket map in 1897. Five trains will be required for the Northern line extension and 45 to increase frequencies on the rest of the line. [204] The Oyster card must be 'touched in' at the start and end of a journey, otherwise it is regarded as 'incomplete' and the maximum fare is charged. Meanwhile, Mayor of London Boris Johnson decided it should be demolished along with the Earls Court Exhibition Centre as part of Europe's biggest regeneration scheme. [240], Compared with 200304, the reliability of the network had increased in 201011, with lost customer hours reduced from 54million to 40million. What is the busiest underground line in London? Jubilee line - 36.2km A saviour for the outskirts of London, which were previously horribly under-served, the Jubilee line is the newest on the network. 1 Piccadilly line - 71km. Other famous London Underground branding includes the roundel and the Johnston typeface, created by Edward Johnston in 1916. 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