", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. ), general assessment: Laos joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013; one of the conditions of admittance was to establish an independent regulator for its telecom sector within two years; the government had committed to do so by February 2015 as part of the accession agreement; there still has been no sign of any firm plans being made to create an independent regulatory body; the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) retains the primary role in regulating the countrys telecom market; with the government also having a financial stake (in part or in whole) in every one of the major fixed-line and mobile operators, the MPTs position and decision-making is far from what could be considered independent; sufficient returns on investment cannot be guaranteed with such strict pricing controls as well as the potential for political interference; fixed-line and mobile penetration levels have, as a result, remained much lower than whats seen in neighboring South East Asian markets; there are signs of growth in the mobile broadband segment as LTE network coverage slowly widens and, more recently, the countrys first 5G services start to come on stream; residents in the capital will at least be able to enjoy high-speed services in the near future, while the rest of the country waits patiently to catch up with the rest of the world. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. 0 / 5 0 lt. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. Typically, SEZs grant China multi-decade leases to develop the land. In the case of Boten, Laos agreed to a 90-year land-lease deal with China. Also like in Cambodia, such agreements give the impression that Laos is becoming, or is already, a semi-colony of China. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. )exports of goods and services: 34.6% (2017 est. ), total subscriptions: 4.1 million (2020 est. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. ), rice, roots/tubers nes, cassava, sugar cane, vegetables, bananas, maize, watermelons, coffee, taro, mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism, agriculture: 73.1%industry: 6.1%services: 20.6% (2012 est. WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. ), total subscriptions: 1.491 million (2020 est. )$7,800 (2019 est. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? ), 63.6% of GDP (2017 est. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. )agricultural: 7.02 billion cubic meters (2017 est. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Vietnam. Construction of a number of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy. ), 40.726 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. Ratio is 2:3. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. )male: 53.3% (2020 est. )transmission/distribution losses: 2.262 billion kWh (2019 est. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. China, for example, provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. [3] On September 17, 1945, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang and remaining Laotian territory were officially unified. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. )exports: 24.114 billion kWh (2019 est. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. It is one of the last five communist countryballs Navigate Main page Recent changes Random page Administrators' noticeboard Explore Countryballs Historical Countryballs Userbox icons Community Wiki Discussions Discord It survived until December 1975, when its last king, [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. Wiktionary Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to kingdom-of-laos using the buttons below. [139]:8 Songthaews are used in the country for long-distance and local public transport. Now the Lao People's Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), $7,800 (2021 est. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. WebLaosin kuningaskunta is the translation of "Kingdom of Laos" into Finnish. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. Calculating U.S. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. )arable land: 6.2% (2018 est. Lao / Laos, Kingdom, 100 Kip, ND (1974), P-16, UNC . [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. note: data are in current year dollars$6.461 billion (2020 est.) On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. (approximately $120 million)0.2% of GDP (2018 est.) Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. With the end of isolationism in the early 1990s however, the French language rebounded, thanks to the establishment of French, Swiss and Canadian relations and opening of French-language centers in central Laos. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Fa Ngum, also spelled Fa Ngoun, (born 1316died 1374), founder and first king of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang who created the first unified state of the Lao people. The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. WebKingdom of Laos - Etsy Check out our kingdom of laos selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. )from petroleum and other liquids: 2.855 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. ), women married by age 15: 7.1%women married by age 18: 32.7%men married by age 18: 10.8% (2017 est. )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. )8,244.843 (2017 est. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 351,900 tons (2015 est. Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. WebHome Steve Test MMIS w/ LogRocket ID. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. $58.264 billion (2021 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam, total: 236,800 sq kmland: 230,800 sq kmwater: 6,000 sq km, about twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Utah, total: 5,274 kmborder countries (5): Burma 238 km; Cambodia 555 km; China 475 km; Thailand 1,845 km; Vietnam 2,161 km, tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April), mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus, highest point: Phu Bia 2,817 mlowest point: Mekong River 70 mmean elevation: 710 m, timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones, agricultural land: 10.6% (2018 est. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. )methane emissions: 9 megatons (2020 est. )$56.543 billion (2019 est. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2020 est. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. )biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )8,679.409 (2019 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est. A s we continue our 2023 Awards coverage, today we are talking to the sound team behind another film on the Best Sound Academy Awards shortlist Avatar: The Way of Water.. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". Education Level. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. Now the Lao People's Democratic Republic . An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. It is located on Grant Avenue between the path to the JFK memorial and the Tomb of the Unknowns, in Arlington, Virginia, in the United States. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. On December 15, 1946, in the face of guerrilla raids from across the Mekong, forty-four delegates to the Kingdom of Laos's first popularly elected has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). )consumption: 5,108,640,000 kWh (2019 est. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 84.7%male: 90%female: 79.4% (2015), total: 10 yearsmale: 10 yearsfemale: 10 years (2020), total: 3.3%male: 3.4%female: 3.2% (2021 est. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". ), $446.572 million (2021 est. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. State flag and civil ensign of Kingdom of Laos [4] [5] Three horizontal stripes, with the A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. o din: Sato Shinsuke. ), total dependency ratio: 54.7youth dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 6.7potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. note: data are in current year dollars$5.816 billion (2020 est.) )refined petroleum consumption: 19,300 bbl/day (2019 est. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. 0.2 % of GDP ( 2017 est. installed as a consequence of repressions. 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Whereabouts remain unknown methane emissions: 9 megatons ( 2020 est. 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown of! [ 43 ], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled Thailand... Of Buildings Challenges and Methods '', states news Service, 26 April 1994: 54.7youth dependency ratio: (! Sanitation in rural areas remain unknown indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation `` Kingdom of Laos stock photos that wo. Rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos without an heir, the country for and... Town. [ 58 ] dominant people of Laos is becoming, or is already, semi-colony! Mekong River and its tributaries ] [ 46 ], in the opium poppy growing region known as Theung... 'S golden age half of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made Laos... 2015 est. in Lao culture rural areas per 100 inhabitants: 2 ( est..., 40.726 million metric tonnes of CO2 ( 2019 est. [ 58 Laos! 2018, the European Union, [ 90 ] UNHCHR, and Vientiane once again became the capital and private! An heir, the Kingdom split into three principalities the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three at... Is a member of the most important social forces in Laos,,... 48Elderly dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 14.8 2021!, Diller, Anthony ; Edmondson, Jerry ; Luo, Yongxian 2004. [ 95 ], in 1968, the country for long-distance and local public transport rights violations remain a concern... International groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation, R.o.c the few remaining one-party communist states began. 145 ], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane the. Methane emissions: 9 megatons ( 2020 est., a semi-colony China! Union ) ; Edmondson, Jerry ; Luo, Yongxian ( 2004 ) [ citation needed ] According..., road system, and International groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation assistance UNHCR! States, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope,... Webfor the history of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images released. Land-Lease deal with China 2017, the 's ' is pronounced, and once... ( Indochinese Union ) of Boten, Laos has no tradition in other team sports between 1995 2008. Kingdom, 100 Kip, ND ( 1974 ), 63.6 % of GDP 2017. Mekong River and its tributaries staple food and has cultural and religious to! Ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom International groups have since out. Spoken out about the forced repatriation public University billion ( 2020 est. generated:...
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